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PHYSICS AS A SCIENCE
SCIENCE
-
“scientia”
-
Systematized body of knowledge base on facts
-
Discipline or field of study to provide natural
explanation on natural phenomena
-
Measurable results of the laws of the physical
universe
BRANCHES AND SUB BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
a.
Mathematics and Logic
-
Focus on proper deductive and inductive analysis
-
Analysing numerical data
-
Ex Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry, Calculus,
Statistics
b.
Natural Science
-
Study of nature or the universe
a.
Physical Science
·
Study of matter and energy and other physical
entities
·
Physics, chemistry, geology and astronomy
b.
Biological Science
·
Study of living things
·
Ex. Botany, zoology and microbiology
c.
Social Science
-
Study of human minds and human interactions
·
Psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics
Overlapping
branches
Geophysics,biochemistry
PHYSICS
-
A science concerned with the study of matter and
energy, how they are related to each other and their interaction in space and
time.
BRANCHES AND SUB BRANCHES OF PHYSICS
Classical Physics- study of motion and energy
a.
Mechanics – motion of an objects and systems
under the influence of forces
a.
Statics – mechanics of bodies at rest
b.
Dynamics – mechanics of bodies in motion
c.
Fluid Mechanics – deals with the motion of liquids
and gases
b.
Thermodynamics – temperature and heat energy
c.
Acoustics – study of sound, its properties and
how it is produced and transmitted
d.
Electrodynamics – electricity and magnetism and
the relationship between them
e.
Optics – study of light
a.
Physical Optics – nature of light and physical
processes involving its production, transmission and absorption
b.
Geometrical Optics – the study of how light
travels and how the direction of travel is affected by different material such
as mirror and lenses.
Modern Physics – the study of the basic structure of the material world
a.
Quantum Physics – based on the quantum theory ,
a theory stating that energy is not transmitted continuously, but in the form
of individual unit called quanta
b.
Atomic Physics – study of the structure,
properties and behaviour of an atom
c.
Molecular Physics – study of the structure,
properties and behaviour of a molecules
d.
Nuclear Physics – examine the structure and
properties of the atomic nucleus, as well as nuclear reactions and their
applications.
e.
High-energy Physics – also called particle
physics. It is the study of behaviour of elementary particles that make-up
proton, neutron, and other subatomic particles.
f.
Solid State Physics – also called condensed
matter physics. Study of physical properties of solid materials, the behaviour of
electrons and nuclei in it and how they react with each other.
g.
Plasma Physics – study of properties and behaviour
of highly ionized gases called plasma.
Scientific Method
- the core of
science
-a logical and rational
sequence of steps that scientists follow before arriving to conclusions about
the world around them.
- can also be used
to answer practical questions related to daily living.
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1.
Observation – the beginning of any scientific
knowledge.
2.
Organizing Data – gathering information about
the phenomenon. Information may come from the books and journals in the
library, from the internet, by asking people knowledgeable about it.
3.
Formulating Hypothesis – This is where one will
formulate tentative explanations. To explain the phenomenon. The explanation
should be natural and based on facts.
4.
Prediction – a statement of what might happened
if on tries to control the variables affecting the phenomenon.
5.
Experimentation – This is where the hypothesis
is tested by controlling some of the variables affecting he phenomenon. The
experiment design is based on the predictions made and the experiment should
take all possible variables into considerations.
6.
Conclusion – summary of the experimental experiment
and how it matches the hypothesis made. Note that the conclusion is mere a
statement relating to hypothesis to the conclusion. Depending on the results,
one may either reject or not reject the hypothesis.
One cannot prove a hypothesis
with just one experiment. It is possible that one made a mistake somewhere
along the experiment. A hypothesis that is already proven become a theory, and
to become a theory, a hypothesis must be subjected to several experiments with
few or several modifications from the original experiments.
ACTIVITIES:
Make a role play applying the scientific method using the following
scenario.
SCENARIO
1.
I went to the market to buy some goods with my
friend Jane. When I went home I noticed that my wallet was gone. How can I
apply the scientific method.
2.
Today I noticed that there are many ants
crawling under the table. They weren’t there last night. How can I apply the
scientific method
3.
I charged my cellphone overnight and when I
tried to open it hte following day, it wasn’t working. How can I apply the
scientific method.
Hypothesis, Law, Theory and Model
Hypothesis
-
A tentative explanation in which explanation of
the phenomenon is based on few observations without experimental proof.
-
It is an intelligent guess,
Model
-
Scientific assumption/s with few experimental
evidences
-
Used to predict the outcome of a phenomenon and
shows mathematical consistencies
-
Contradicted by several other experiments
-
Not universal
Theory
-
Explanation supported by several experimental
evidences
-
Flexible enough to be modified
Law
-
Theories that stand for a very long time
-
Experimentally proven on several occasion
-
Uniform and universal
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